|
Balinese traditional house refers to the traditional vernacular house of Balinese people in Bali, Indonesia. The Balinese traditional house follows a strict ancient architectural guide which is a product of a blend of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs, fused with Austronesian animism, resulting in a house that is "in harmony" with the law of the cosmos of Balinese Hinduism. ==Orientation with the universe== As most traditional houses in Indonesia, orientation and hierarchy are important considerations in Balinese architecture. Everything in nature is conceived as having an ideal location; these must be correctly aligned if harmony between human and nature is to be achieved. This Balinese view of the world is based on the Hindu dharma concept: to reach moksha – the point of liberation where a human achieves a perfect state of being – a person needs to be in harmony with all creations, a state which must be maintained at all times and in all places. Architecture naturally plays an important role to achieve this. Every aspect of Balinese architecture is governed by a detailed set of formula relating to the proper size, location and alignment of building types. These principles are set in the ''Asta Kosala Kosali'', the eight guidelines for architectural designs originally inscribed in ancient Javanese on a ''lontar'' (palm-leaf manuscript). The ''Asta Kosala Kosali'' divided the universe in three: ''buhr'' (underworld, realm of the demons), ''buwah'' (human realm), and ''swah'' (heaven, realm of the gods). This cosmic division is reflected in the topography of Bali: the central mountainous area (especially Mount Agung) is conceived as the abode of the gods, while the sea is associated with malevolent spirits; the in between coastal plains and foothills represent the human realm. This hierarchy of realm is reflected in the Balinese cardinal direction. There are two main cardinal directions of Balinese universe: ''kaja'' and ''kelod''. Kaja means "to the mountain" (Mount Agung) and refers to anything that is higher or sacred. Kelod means "to the sea" (abode of the demons) and indicates low and profane places. As most of Bali's population live to the south of Mount Agung, the main cardinal direction corresponds to a north-south axis running between the central mountain range (Mount Agung in particular) and the sea. The secondary directions of Balinese cardinal direction are ''kangin'' (where the sun rises, East) and ''kauh'' (where the sun sets, West), in this instance the east (''kangin'') is identified as sacred while the west (''kauh'') is considered profane. Thus the northeast (''kaja kangin'') is regarded as the most auspicious direction, while the southwest (''kelod kauh'') is the most impure. This cardinal direction concept plays important roles in organizing many aspect of Balinese culture including a Balinese house layout. Henceforth, the ''kaja-kangin'' (north-east) direction of a house is regarded as the most sacred area reserved for family shrines. Other orientation concept is also used. The Balinese compass (''nawa-sanga'') stems from the four cardinal direction, their intermediaries and the central area. Each point is linked to a particular Hindu deity and has symbolic ritual associations, such as corresponding numbers, colors, magical syllables, and mystical attributes. The symbolism also includes metaphorical representation of the compound and its various structures in terms of the human body. Thus, the family shrine is identified with the head; the sleeping quarters and pavilion for receiving guests, with the arms; the central courtyard with the navel; the hearth with the sexual organs; the kitchen and lumbung with legs and feet; and the refuse pit in the backyard with the anus. The Traditional Balinese House museum in Tabanan is a good example of a typical compound. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balinese traditional house」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|